Wolf Packs Size Is Relative to Prey

New research shows Yellowstone wolves pick their prey based on pack size

The saying “safety in numbers” is typically a phrase associated with animals considered prey.

The idea being: More eyes and ears in a group help alert wildlife to approaching predators. And the more animals in a group, the less likely a specific individual will fall during the hunt.

As it turns out, the saying means something very different when it comes to predators and might be changed to “success in numbers,” particularly when applied to the wolves and bison of Yellowstone National Park.

In a research project published on the the peer-reviewed Public Library of Science website Tuesday, Utah State University’s Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center researchers found wolf hunting behavior changes based on pack numbers and terrain.

Elk are the preferred prey of wolves in Yellowstone. And USU wildland resources assistant professor Dan MacNulty says the reintroduced predators will go out of their way to find their favorite food and it may not be a matter of taste, but rather their own safety.

But when a pack of wolves is large enough and the conditions are right, the canines will turn their attention to bison.

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How to be Thankful

By Lacey Middlestead

Lacey MiddlesteadLacey Middlestead is a Montana native and freelance writer currently living in Helena, Mont. She loves meeting new people and helping share their stories. When she’s not busy writing articles for newspapers like the Independent Record and Helena Vigilante, she can usually be found indulging in her second greatest passion–playing in the Montana wilderness. She loves skiing and snowmobiling in the winter and four wheeling, hiking, boating, and riding dirt bikes in the summer.

Between my day job, blogging and writing articles, planning a wedding and all my adventurous shenanigans in the Montana wilderness, I often lose track of the days. But the fact that Thanksgiving is mere days away has not escaped my attention. The signs of it are everywhere.

The grocery store shelves are stocked fuller than normal. Everywhere you look there’s bags of cubed bread crumbs, cans of pumpkin, gravy mix packets, and rows of spices. Frozen turkeys crowd the freezers and long checkout lines make customers tilt their heads back---eyes closed---as they sigh and try to steady their blood pressure.

Anxious hunters, still hopeful of filling their tags, strategize as to how they can squeeze in another trip to the woods on Thursday before the turkey hits their family dinner table.

Church members scramble in gathering food items to load into Thanksgiving baskets for families in need.

Newspapers bulge more and more each day with Black Friday ads and coupons. Anxious shoppers gather, cut and clip all of the essentials they deem necessary to go to retail battle on that biggest of all shopping days.

Facebook newsfeeds blow up with people listing off things they are thankful for each day in the month of November.

Thanksgiving, like many of our holidays, is rooted in tradition. Some of those traditions we count down the days for each year. Some we don’t even know why we uphold other than it’s the social norm or all we’ve ever known. And some traditions we wish we could do away with all together. On this Thanksgiving, I find myself stuck somewhere in the middle of all those feelings on traditions.

Since getting engaged in May, I have begun daydreaming about the new life and family I am starting to create for myself. I’ve realized that I have a blank slate to build upon. I grew up with certain traditions and expectations within my family, especially during the holidays. In recent years, however, I have felt the desire to try something new and different during those special days of the year. With wedding bells in the air I think I finally have the opportunity to institute some traditions of my own with my husband-to-be, Andy.  

I imagine the house we may someday build together and the dining room table that may host a Thanksgiving dinner one year between both of our families. I wonder about the type of food we would serve----whether it would be traditional turkey and smashed potatoes or a cheesy lasagna pasta dish like I’ve been requesting for years. If we have children, would we follow up dinner with a family game of hockey or a trail ride on some snowmobiles? There are just so many beautiful possibilities!

I am grateful for the holiday traditions I grew up with in my family.  I am excited at the prospect of beginning to grow some new traditions as Andy and I develop our own life together. I am thankful that I live in a country where traditions—whether old, new, borrowed, or used are always valued, encouraged, and shared by many.

 

Real Pumpkins Only

By Angela Jamison

Angela Jamison

Angela Jamison is a native Montanan and she grew up in beautiful Bozeman. I'm the mother of two girls and write a blog about our life here and taking in the simple pleasures of family and food.

"Gratitude unlocks the fullness of life.  It turns what we have into enough.”  -Melody Beattie

I love this quote and think about it more as we approach the Thanksgiving holiday.  With Christmas taking over stores before Halloween gets its turn, Thanksgiving could be in danger of becoming Black Friday Eve.  I work hard to make sure this does not happen.  That we stop and remember to be grateful on this day.  For all we have.  To give thanks.  For me Thanksgiving means these simple things…family, friends, food and gratitude.  It has forever been my father’s favorite holiday.  As as child, I didn’t get this…it just couldn’t compete with all the bells and whistles of Christmas, not to mention Santa Claus.  Now I understand why Thanksgiving is his beloved holiday.  It is time together.  Time to slow down in our busy lives.  Time to sit around a big table with those you love and remember how lucky we all are. 

I am often frustrated by the brush over Thanksgiving gets now days with Black Friday creeping into Thursday.  It makes me sad to see consumerism take over what is the one holiday that isn’t about stuff.  The lines of people out in the cold so they can get a deal on the latest thing.  To be fair, I know many families and friends do this as a tradition together and enjoy the hype of Black Friday.  I know I don’t have to participate.  Instead choosing new traditions with my kids on Black Friday.  Things like going through all our toys and clothes to gather items we no longer need to donate.  Making it the opposite of consumerism.  However, I feel sad for the workers who have no choice but to leave their own families on Thanksgiving to go to work.  Because our need for stuff is so strong, someone may not get to have their Thanksgiving.  This is not the spirit of the season.

We will continue our own Thanksgiving traditions and fight to keep it about giving thanks.  One of the biggest things I feel grateful for is the food we get to share with loved ones.  As we approached Thanksgiving this week I found myself last minute grocery shopping with all the other last minute grocery shoppers.  Everyone grabbing their turkeys, potatoes and stuffing fixings.  Instead of feeling frustrated that I had to go to a second grocery store in the snow storm because the first was out of sage, I reminded myself how lucky we are to live in this country, in this town, where food is plentiful and easily accessible.  Lucky that I can pay for this food for my family as well as some extra for our neighbors at the food bank.  Yes, we are very lucky indeed.  And, we can’t forget the pumpkin pie.  No Thanksgiving is complete without this traditional dessert.  I have only recently become a fan of pumpkin pie.  The secret is, it must be made with real pumpkins.  The canned ones cannot compete.  I discovered this one year when we accidentally grew pumpkins in the garden…thanks to composting our jack-o-lanterns the previous Halloween.  We ended up with many and not wanting to be wasteful I decided to try to cook with them.  Pumpkin pie being the obvious choice.  I will never eat canned pumpkin pie again. 

Happy Thanksgiving friends.  Take the time to be grateful for what you have and know it is enough. 

Thanksgiving Pumpkin Pie

Start with a butter pie crust.  The crust used to intimidate me and tended to fall apart.  I have found that if I approach it calmly, take my time and make sure I keep my ingredients cold I get a crust that looks pretty darn good. 

-1 1/4 cup flour

-1/2 tsp sugar

-1/2 tsp salt

-1 stick unsalted, COLD butter cut in cubes

-4 to 6 tbls ICE water

*Put the flour, salt and sugar in a food processor or large bowl and mix.  Add half the butter.  If using a food processor, pulse a few times.  If doing by hand use a pastry cutter to break up the butter in the flour mix.  Add the remaining butter and pulse or mix until crumbly.  Begin to add the water a tbls at a time, mixing/pulsing in between each one for a few seconds.  Continue adding water until the mixture starts to cling together.  Place the crumbly mixture on a clean surface and shape into a disc.  Sprinkle with flour, wrap in plastic and place in refrigerator for one hour before you roll it.  To roll, remove from fridge and let it sit a few minutes.  Place on a floured surface, roll it out gently and place in the pie pan. 

 

Pumpkin Pie

-2 cups fresh pumpkin pie puree (cut a small pumpkin in half, scoop out the seeds and pulp.  Bake for one hour at 350-degrees.  Remove from oven and scrape out the soft inside…discard the skin.  Puree what you remove until a smooth creamy mixture)

-1 1/2 cup heavy cream

-1/2 cup brown sugar

-1/3 cup sugar

-2 eggs plus yolk of one more

-2 tsp cinnamon

-1 tsp ginger

-1/4 tsp nutmeg

1/4 tsp ground gloves

-1/4 tsp cardamon

-1/2 tsp lemon zest

*Mix sugars, salt, spices and lemon zest in large bowl.  Beat eggs and then add to the bowl.  Stir in puree and then cream and whisk until well mixed.  Pour into your pie shell and bake at 425-degrees fro 15 minutes.  Turn oven down to 350-degrees and continue to bake fro 45-50 minutes.  (Cover edges with foil if they start to brown too quickly!)  Cool on wire rack for 2-hours.  Serve with homemade whipped cream.  Enjoy!

Feline Home Invaders; Rusty Bike Found; Happy Chocolate Lab Reported; Shetland Pony AWOL

police report6:58 a.m. A Sweebee Lane resident in Columbia Fall reported that a mean, stray collie was waiting for him on his front porch.

10:00 a.m. A Kila man complained that a bunch of stray cats just showed up at his house.

10:37 a.m. A Whitefish resident found an old, rusty bike in the marshy area of his driveway.

10:44 a.m. A Bigfork woman reported that the local kids egged her house last week.

12:30 p.m. A border collie went missing from its home on Sweebee Lane in Columbia Falls.

1:56 p.m. A Kalispell woman complained that her drunken landlord was harassing her and threatening to evict her. A deputy found the landlord to be sober and advised him to stop the harassment.

2:54 p.m. A Lakeside woman reported that someone stole her TV and her truck.

3:05 p.m. A woman on Dawn Drive in Columbia Falls reported that a happy chocolate lab was in her yard.

12:24 a.m. A Shetland pony was spotted traveling alone and by night down North Reserve Drive.

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